Midsummer Day is the longest day of the year that ends with the shortest night. After the solstice, after a few days, some of the hottest days come.
Factors that affect temperature
In connection with the final heating of the Earth's surface, the soil transfers its heat to the atmosphere. During this period, the Earth is facing almost the entire Northern Hemisphere on the Sun. Since the calendar does not display the Earth’s rotation with absolute accuracy, the solstice moment annually occurs on June 20-22.
Following the summer solstice, a period of astronomical summer begins. In the following days, there is an increase in heat, periods of sweltering heat, water becomes warm, terrible summer storms occur. Climate features are set under the influence of:
- Earth orbit parameters;
- distance from the Earth to the Sun;
- angles of inclination of the rays of the Sun;
- processes that occur on the sun.
The sun has a strong effect on the earth. Light and heat are more established under the influence of direct rays of the sun. During the Solstice, the Northern Hemisphere reaches its peak with respect to the Sun.
Interesting fact: The directness of the rays affects the high temperature of the Sun. In this regard, at noon the temperature is higher than in the evening and in the morning. At noon, the Earth is exposed to direct rays, unlike any other time of day.
Features of exposure to water and rainfall
Water is characterized by its high heat capacity.Oceans, in which water is in continuous motion, are able to retain almost all the heat received from the Sun. Sea currents contribute to the transfer of a significant amount of heat, due to its absorption and heating. Warm and cold currents, in comparison with air, absorb and retain more heat.
Precipitation and evaporation also have an effect on air temperature. With the passage of the earth's atmosphere, they contribute to the absorption or reflection of sunlight. When passing through direct rays of the atmospheric layer, a high temperature occurs.
In winter, the Earth freezes significantly, it takes time to warm up. During long days, significant heat absorption occurs. Having absorbed a large amount of heat, in July and August the Earth produces heat in the daytime and at night. At the same time, the atmosphere contributes to the preservation of high temperature.
Features of solar activity are also associated with fluctuations in electromagnetic radiation. The annual temperature amplitude is affected by geographic conditions, and the daily one by topographic conditions. The southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere differ in opposite seasons. January and February are characterized by a colder temperature, since, before their onset, all the accumulated heat was used in December.
Features of the influence of the sun on the earth
Air temperature depends on the angle of incidence of sunlight. At a large angle, more heat is formed in the earth's surface and air temperature rises.In June, the Sun forms at its highest position at noon. The temperature of the air is affected by the angle of incidence of the sun's rays, relief, currents, cloudiness, and precipitation.
Deserts, forests, water - they heat up differently. During the summer solstice, the greatest number of effects of solar radiation occurs. The warmed-up earth's surface produces a large amount of heat, and as a result, the hottest days come.
